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Zinaida Reich
Zinaida Nikolayevna Reich (the last name also spelled Raikh or Raih; (ロシア語:Зинаида Николаевна Райх); – 15 July 1939) was a Russian actress and became one of the main stars of the Meyerhold Theatre until it was closed under Joseph Stalin. Reich married the poet Sergey Yesenin and had two children with him. After their divorce, she married the director Vsevolod Meyerhold. She is believed to have been murdered by the NKVD during the time of Great Purge.
==Family and early years==
Zinaida Nikolayevna Reich was born in the village of Blizhniye Melnitsy near Odessa. Her mother was Anna Ivanovna Viktorova, a Russian noblewoman and niece of a notable Russian linguist and archaeologist, Alexey Viktorov (Викторов, Алексей Егорович).〔 Her father was a russified German, Augustus Reich, who worked as a sailor and a railroad engineer.〔 In order to marry Anna, Reich (originally Roman Catholic) accepted Orthodox Christianity and was baptised as Nikolay Andreyevich Reich.〔 Augustus Reich was an early social democrat and had been twice politically exiled to the North of Russia prior to meeting Anna. As he continued his activity, during the Russian Revolution of 1905, the family was exiled from Odessa to Bendery.〔
Zinaida Reich considered herself to be a hereditary proletarian. She studied in a gymnasium in Bendery but was expelled for her political activities before completing the eighth (last) grade.〔 She enrolled in the Kiev Higher Education Courses for Women, and in 1913 she became a member of the Socialist-Revolutionary Party. In a year, she was arrested and spent two months in a prison. Her mother managed to arrange a certificate of secondary education for Reich so that she could continue her studies. Kiev would not allow her to study without a "certificate of political trustworthiness". Reich enrolled in Rayevsky Women Higher Education Courses in Saint Petersburg.
She also worked as a technical editor for ''Delo Naroda'' (People's Cause), a newspaper of the Socialist-Revolutionary Party. There she met the poet Sergey Yesenin, who at that time was influenced by the Party. Yesenin deserted the Russian Army in March 1917 following the February Revolution and settled in Saint Petersburg.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Райх Зинаида )〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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